Cold-Climate Gardening

Gardening by the Yard : Episode GBY-806 -- More Projects »
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Figure A
In the extreme climate of Willow, Alaska, self-taught gardener Les Brake has created a garden of extreme beauty (figure A).

Brake began his garden as an innocent flirtation with plants and color, and soon he was cultivating a love affair with landscaping artistry. Gardening in southern Alaska--home of sub-zero winters and well over 100 inches of snowfall every year--provides a big payoff. "I love gardening in Alaska," he says. "For summertime gardening in July and August, it's the best spot on the continent."

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Figure B

Brake maintains an unbridled optimism partly because he's learned many valuable cold-weather gardening lessons the hard way. The first: heavy frost is bad but heavy snow is good. Covering the plants gives them some protection (figure B), but there's nothing like a thick early snow cover to insulate the ground and protect hardy plants. Brake recalls a winter with no snow cover by February and by that time there had been 40 nights of sub-zero temperatures. The ground froze 10 feet deep, and 80 percent of the garden was killed that winter.
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Figure C
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Figure D
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Figure E
Brake offers another tip: take your clues from nature, and plant what can best survive your region's weather conditions. "I really sought patterns of hardiness," he explains. "For instance, six species of Primula survived that winter, so that taught me to look at more plants in that family and also several Gentiana species."

Relatively delicate plants like this Gentiana asclepiadea), or willow gentian (figure C), which is typically hardy only to Zone 6, benefit from the important principles Brake has learned over the years:

1. Raise planting beds (figure D) to allow them to drain and warm faster, an important consideration after a lot of snow has fallen.

2. Use containers (figure E) for more tender plants to give them a hedge against the cold. If a frost is expected, simply move them to a warmer location.

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Figure F

3. When filling containers and raised beds, use lots of compost to amend the soil. In cold climates, compost piles may take up to a year or more to break down, but the payoff is richer, healthier soil to help vegetation survive the bitter cold. By adding new compost piles (figure F) constantly, you'll always have access to a pile after a couple of years. "For instance, I have six or seven piles going right now," says Brake, "and next spring, two of those piles will be ready to go into the garden."
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Figure G

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Figure H

Brake also uses season extenders like cold frames to help get the garden off to an earlier start by slowly acclimating seedlings and starters to the climate (figure G). In addition, he stores some of his prized plants in this small, enclosed structure during the winter (figure H). "I use it to store plants that aren't quite hardy enough to make it through the winter in the ground, such as Crocosmia and chrysanthemums that I really like to have to finish out the season. Having this root cellar allows me access to those plants."

But even in the land of extreme winters and short growing seasons, Brake gets a helping hand from another Alaska extreme, which he credits as one of the reasons Alaskan gardeners can grow such beautiful gardens. "The long days of summer add the equivalent of 20 days to our growing season," says Brake. "My actual frost-free period is only about 73 days, so the 24 hours of light from mid-May to late-July is what makes the garden possible."

Even though Brake deals with extreme conditions in Alaska, many of his tricks and techniques such as raised beds and cold frames can work great for gardeners all across the country.

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